MARK OF THE DEVIL is a German period horror drama that was directed by Michael Armstrong and originally released in February 1970 under the title
Hexen bis aufs Blut gequält, which roughly translates as the does-exactly-what-it-says-on-the-tin Witches Are Tortured to Death. Regardless of what you call it, it stars Herbert Lom, Udo Kier, Olivera Katarina, Reggie Nalder, and the splendidly named Herbert Fux. Evidently the producers decreed that you can never have too many Fux in your movie so also cast actress Gaby Fuchs. It's a very dark tale of witch hunts, the moral vacuum that is organised religion, confessions, torture and executions. All good delirious themes you might think, and you'd be right.
An Austrian town is in the grip of witch hunt mania, with loathsome local official Albino (Reggie Nalder) doing most of the hunting. News of his zealous sadism has however reached the church and even they are dismayed, although mostly by his failure to keep adequate records. Lord Cumberland (Herbert Lom), the church's top man in this field, despatches his protege Christian (Udo Kier) to the town to prepare for his Lordship's visit. Christian's only been there five minutes when he gets into a scrap with Albino, who is most put out that someone is coming to put a stop to his fun and games. He's a busy lad, Christian, because shortly after that he's falling in love with barmaid Vanessa (Olivera Katarina).
I'm sure you can see how this all pans out. Vanessa's simple peasant charm and enormous knockers melt Christian's heart and he begins to see the error of his witch burning ways. Albino meets Lord Cumberland and, recognising a fellow sadist when he sees one, threatens to expose the Lord for the moral hypocrite he is. Cumberland strangles Albino, accidentally witnessed by Christian who is then arrested and next in line for the sharp instruments. Vanessa stirs up the townsfolk, who descend on the Lord's castle for a showdown.
It's all very much in the wake of Brit horror classic
WITCHFINDER GENERAL [1968], a film which spawned a load of imitators at the end of the 1960s and beyond. Of those that I have seen I'd say Jess Franco's
THE BLOODY JUDGE [1970] has the best cast but is the sleaziest, Michael Reeves' aforementioned
WITCHFINDER GENERAL is the most intelligent while
MARK OF THE DEVIL is the most explicit and the most upsetting. Coming much later than the others, Michael Armstrong and producer Adrian Hoven evidently decided that to have any sort of impact at all they'd have to go a lot further than their predecessors and consequently really upped the ante in terms of violence.
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A 'witch' about to be lowered on to a bonfire |
I suppose you could say that these films were the 'torture porn' movies of their day but at least they offered some sort of historical context, however spurious or inaccurate, to the mayhem. Indeed, in Matthew Hopkins and George Jeffreys two real-life figures were put on to the screen. Armstrong's film can't boast that but instead sets out in forensic and gruesome detail the realities of what characters like those actually got up to, deep in the dungeons of wherever they had set up shop.
What's most upsetting about the film though is not the brutality of the torture sequences, as grim as they are, but the understanding - made clear in the film - that such sadism was being visited upon almost entirely innocent people. Not only that but the perpetrators of such inhumanity and injustice were senior figures in the church, who knew full well what they were doing. The torture thus becomes even more unbearable and provokes even more outrage.
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Possibly the most distressing torture in the entire film: this poor chap is locked in a cell and forced to endure hour after hour of ice cold water dripping on to his head, one drop at a time |
I should add that I suspect this actually rather profound effect was unintentional. Producer Adrian Hoven seems to have been a somewhat unscrupulous character whose intention was simply to make as bloody a film as possible, figuring that notoriety alone would ensure his film turned a profit. Director Michael Armstrong had other ideas which apparently led to clashes on set. It's very rare that films made under those conditions reflect anything other than the muddled circumstances of their production.
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Herbert Lom |
The cast is worth a word or two. Herbert Lom of course is familiar to millions, both from his big budget films and the smaller genre films he appeared in so regularly. Herbert sadly died last year at the ripe old age of 95 and was quite rightly included in the 'In Memoriam' section of the 85th Academy Awards show last month. Udo Kier is something of a legend in European horror and has racked up a vast filmography, no doubt due to the fact that will seemingly appear in absolutely anything. He's still an elegant figure today but in his mid-twenties, when this film was made, he was a quite incredibly handsome guy. Too handsome in fact, and with piercing blue eyes, which gave him the air of there being something not quite right about him - a positive boon in the horror field in which he has so frequently and memorably worked. If you can try and catch the two films he made in the mid-70s with Paul Morrissey:
BLOOD FOR DRACULA and
FLESH FOR FRANKENSTEIN. He's outstanding in the title role in both films: utterly committed and totally fearless.
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The great Udo Kier |
If Kier is a major icon of horror then Reggie Nalder must at least qualify as a minor one. Kier's looks made him the perfect perverted anti-hero but Nalder's unique visage quite definitely and inescapably made him a monster. From the lower lip down, Nalder at some point in his young life obviously suffered some appalling burns which twisted and contorted his flesh into a permanent mask of horror. Credit to him though, he turned this to his advantage and ended up playing some of the most memorable and striking monsters in film history. Not only that but he also claimed roles in films directed by the likes of Hitchcock, Frankenheimer and Fellini. But I suspect the image with which he will forever be associated is a true face of terror: the centuries-old vampire in Tobe Hooper's adaptation of Stephen King's
SALEM'S LOT [1979].
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An extreme close-up of horror icon Reggie Nalder |
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